美国留学

公共行政部门正在邀请有关研讨会的提案

以道德、负责任和价值为导向的方式使用人工

公共组织中的情报

客座编辑Team:

凯拉·施沃勒博士*

公共管理与政策助理教授

奥尔巴尼大学

公共行政与政策系

纽约州立大学(SUNY)

电子邮件： kschwoerer@albany.edu

安娜-玛丽亚·迪曼德博士*

公共政策与管理助理教授

博伊西州立大学

公共服务学院

电子邮件： anamariadimand@boisestate.edu

安德里亚·S·帕特鲁科博士

供应链管理助理教授

佛罗里达国际大学

商学院营销与物流系

电子邮件： apatrucc@fiu.edu

卢卡·坦吉博士项目官员

联合研究中心 JRC 欧盟委员会

电子邮件： Luca.TANGI@ec.europa.eu

米莱娜·内什科娃博士

公共政策与管理副教授

佛罗里达国际大学国际与公共事务学院

电子邮件： mneshnkov@fiu.edu

凯文·C·德苏萨

昆士兰科技大学商学院商业与法学院商业、技术与战略教授

昆士兰科技大学

电子邮件： kev.desouza@gmail.com

本次研讨会的前提是我们正处于技术革命的风口浪尖（De Vries 等，2016）。人工智能(AI)、机器人、先进算法、大数据、机器学习和量子计算等技术的快速发展和集成正在重塑公共服务和行政流程（Desouza 和Fatima，2023；McDonald 等，2022） 。这些技术的融合创造了一个复杂而动态的环境，为提高政府效率、有效性和响应能力提供了前所未有的机会。然而，这种技术前沿也带来了独特的挑战，需要彻底探索与公共管理中新兴技术的设计、开发和部署相关的实践、政治和伦理维度。本次研讨会的重点是公共组织中人工智能系统的道德、负责任和价值导向的使用。

通过研究人工智能在公共组织中的前沿应用，我们试图揭示现代时代的行政挑战，并具有重大理论进步和理论、政策和实践的新颖见解的潜力。从这个意义上说，这次研讨会与公共行政的使命和目标完美契合。

研讨会的理论和实践动机

人工智能与公共管理的融合代表着一种范式转变，预示着效率、创新和价值创造的新时代。人工智能在改变公共服务方面拥有巨大潜力，并提供了从公共采购和服务提供到交通监控和医院运营的无与伦比的机会（Dimand 等，2023）。公共部门的这场技术革命与加强服务提供、同时优化资源利用和维护公平、透明度和问责制价值观的日益增长的需求相一致。因此，公共管理中人工智能的研究应该纳入各种研究设计和方法。多方面的方法不仅对于了解新技术的影响至关重要，而且对于将人工智能整合到现有的公共服务框架中以更有效地应对当代的需求和挑战至关重要。

近年来，探索人工智能在公共行政中的采用、实施和管理的研究激增，让人们一睹人工智能对公共部门的潜在价值。例如，学者们已经展示了人工智能如何通过日常流程和平凡任务的自动化（Mehr 2017；Vogl et al. 2020）、公共服务的个性化（de Sousa et al. 2019；Margetts and Dorobantu）来支持和加强公共服务的提供。 2019）和服务需求预测（Dekker 等人，2022）。虽然人工智能潜力的研究仍在发展中（van Noordt Tangi，2023），但公共机构越来越多地探索这一领域，强调从公共价值角度优化人工智能的重要性（Desouza Fatima，2023）。

尽管前景广阔，但人工智能技术在公共管理中的实施和利用充满了公平、信任、道德和责任方面的挑战（McDonald et al. 2022；Schiff et al. 2020）。最近的案例表明，由于政府未能承认和减轻为现代人工智能系统提供动力的数据和算法中固有的偏见，人工智能系统造成了重大损害（Busuioc，2021；O'neil，2017）。这些案例凸显了公共部门人工智能技术的设计、部署和利用的复杂现实，并引发了超越单纯技术问题的重大担忧。例如，在没有严格评估的情况下依赖人工智能输出会带来道德困境，因为算法中固有的偏见可能会影响有关员工招聘或供应商选择的决策。此外，围绕数据隐私、保护和基于人工智能的决策的不透明性的问题威胁着公共组织的传统价值观，例如透明度、诚信和问责制。

最近的技术进步不仅扩大了人工智能的能力，而且扩大了其可及性，标志着人工智能创造公共价值的潜力比以往任何时候都更加切实和广泛的关键时刻（Dimand et al. 2023）。与此同时，如此快速和前所未有的技术进步带来了前所未有的挑战，公共组织和管理者需要在巨大的不确定性和日益加强的公众监督下应对。

人工智能在公共组织中的成功整合以实现最佳价值创造需要采用涵盖三个关键维度的整体方法。

政策框架。人工智能融入公共管理的道德和可信度的基石在于制定符合欧盟2023 年人工智能法案等监管框架的稳健政策框架（Wirtz Mller，2019）。该框架应作为人工智能部署的蓝图，平衡技术创新的动力与道德标准和社会价值观。政策必须就人工智能在公共部门中的作用制定明确的指导方针，概述其范围、限制和现有的问责机制。它还应该解决人工智能使用的法律问题，包括数据保护、隐私和非歧视。这样的框架还应该营造一种环境，使创新不会受到监管的抑制，而是以公共利益为导向。它需要是动态和敏捷的，能够灵活地应对技术进步和社会变化。

来自管理层的领导。管理层的领导力对于应对人工智能采用的复杂性至关重要。公共组织的领导者必须具备人工智能潜力的愿景并了解其道德影响（Andrews，2019）。他们应该成为变革的推动者，培育一种拥抱人工智能的文化，同时对其负责任的使用保持批判性的眼光。管理者必须确保人工智能工具用于补充人类判断，而不是取代人类判断，并透明地实施。此外，管理者必须监控和监督人工智能工具的性能，并促进与组织结构的适当整合。有效的领导力应涉及与利益相关者（包括人工智能开发人员、员工和公众）积极互动，以建立信任并使人工智能计划与组织目标和道德规范保持一致。

组织适应性。组织适应性对于将人工智能成功融入公共服务提供系统至关重要（Andrews，2019）。这涉及内部流程的转变，人工智能不仅被添加到现有工作流程中，而且以重新定义这些工作流程的方式进行集成，以提高效率和有效性。它需要在员工中培养新的技能和能力，例如数据素养以及对人工智能功能和局限性的理解。组织必须培养创新思维，鼓励进行实验并从人工智能相关的成功和失败中学习。这种适应性还意味着修改工作角色和结构，以适应与人工智能合作的新方式，确保服务交付中的人与人工智能协作提高公共价值。此外，必须建立新的职责、任务和结构来监督人工智能的治理，包括随着时间的推移对系统进行持续培训和维护（Giest 和Klievink，2022 年；Maragno 等人，2022 年）。虽然有关于人工智能国家级战略计划的研究（Desouza Dawson，2023），但将这些计划转化为机构或服务层面的可操作政策，重点关注公共价值，仍然是未来研究的任务。

呼吁范围和预期捐款

现有的学术成果为公共管理中人工智能的个人和技术方面提供了宝贵的见解（Giest 和Klievink，2022 年；Maragno 等人，2022 年；van Noordt Tangi，2023 年）以及人工智能在不同环境下的影响如何不同（de Bruijn 等人，2022 年）。 2022）。然而，需要全面解决这三个维度如何加剧人工智能带来的挑战并帮助组织克服这些挑战。此外，关于宏观层面的政策框架如何与中观层面的组织条件和微观层面的领导力相互作用以塑造人工智能在公共组织中的成功（或失败）的研究仍然有限，这使其成为理论发展的成熟领域。本次座谈会回应

s to these gaps, providing a platform for multidisciplinary discourse and novel insights for leveraging AI in public organizations while upholding ethical standards and societal values. With reference to the three areas previously discussed, this call for papers welcomes qualitative, quantitative, mixed-method, and conceptual/theoretical papers focused on one or more of the topics listed in Table 1. We invite contributions that shed light on the strategic integration of AI within public organizations and its ethical, responsible, and value-oriented use. Submissions must explicitly engage with the concept of creating public value in the context of AI implementation in public organizations. To be considered within the scope of this call, papers must satisfy ALL the following criteria: Address one or more of the identified dimensions—Policy Framework, Leadership from Management, and/or Organizational Adaptability—providing insight into how AI can be integrated strategically and ethically within public organizations.Discuss the relationship between AI and public value creation, emphasizing how AI may redefine the concept of public value. Papers should explore how AI-driven initiatives can enhance the public sector’s ability to deliver services and meet citizens’ needs in innovative ways, contributing to the greater public good.Analyze the ethical and responsible use of AI in public management, detailing the challenges and proposing solutions or frameworks that ensure ethical considerations are central to AI deployment. Submissions should not only acknowledge the relevance of ethical challenges but also offer in-depth discussion and suggest pathways for overcoming these challenges in relation to the specific problems addressed by the paper. In addition to the previous criteria, papers must be aligned with the aim, scope, and standards of Public Administration. This means that submissions must make a significant contribution to the field of public management and should be approached from a public management perspective. Regarding theoretical grounding, we welcome interdisciplinary perspectives on how AI can enhance public service delivery that enrich native public management theories (such as transaction cost economics, public value theory, agency theory, relational view theory, and goal setting theory) or engage in theoretical development with a core/direct relationship with public management. While we recognize the sophisticated link between AI applications and regulatory issues, our focus is on managerial implications; hence, papers employing a purely legal or regulatory lens will not align with the objectives of this special issue. A variety of methodological approaches are welcome, including surveys, multiple case studies, conceptual work, and experimental designs. Systematic literature reviews that offer a substantial conceptual contribution will also be considered. However, descriptive reviews, strictly theoretical modeling, multi-criteria decision-making, and purely mathematical papers are not considered within the scope of this call. Submission process and key dates Authors are invited to submit an extended abstract to the Guest Editors by August 31, 2024. This abstract must detail the research questions, methodology, data, anticipated findings, and the expected contribution to the symposium. They should not exceed 2,500 words (references not included). Submission of a proposal is required, as Guest Editors will use them to make selection decisions and extend invitations for full paper submissions. We expect the evaluation phase to conclude by October 1, 2024. The authors of selected submissions will receive invitations shortly after to submit full papers. We will also hold an online Paper Development Workshop (PDW) for authors between December 1-15, 2024 (exact date TBD). The workshop is designed to offer suggestions and recommendations before the submission of the final paper. Authors are encouraged to attend the PDW, but not required. Authors of invited proposals should submit their full papers by March 31, 2025. Another PDW will be held in June 2025 for papers that will be invited for resubmission. The target date for symposium publication is projected to be the end of 2025 or the beginning of 2026. The following table summarizes the key dates of the symposium. References Andrews, L. (2019). Public administration, public leadership and the construction of public value in the age of the algorithm and ‘big data’. Public Administration, 97(2), 296-310. Busuioc, M. (2021). Accountable artificial intelligence: Holding algorithms to account. Public Administration Review, 81(5), 825-836. de Bruijn, H., Warnier, M., & Janssen, M. (2022). The perils and pitfalls of explainable AI: Strategies for explaining algorithmic decision-making. Government Information Quarterly, 39(2), 101666. Dekker, R., Koot, P., Birbil, S. I., & van Embden Andres, M. (2022). Co-designing algorithms for governance: Ensuring responsible and accountable algorithmic management of refugee camp supplies. Big Data & Society, 9(1), 20539517221087855. de Sousa, W. G., de Melo, E. R. P., Bermejo, P. H. D. S., Farias, R. A. S., & Gomes, A. O. (2019). How and where is artificial intelligence in the public sector going A literature review and research agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101392. Desouza, K.C., & Fatima, S. (2023). Quantum Computing for Public Value: Insights from Australia. Accessed on January 10, 2024 https://www.businessofgovernment.org/sites/default/files/Quantum%20Computing%2 0For%20Public%20Value.pdf Desouza, K.C., & Dawson, G. (2023). Pathways to trusted progress with artificial intelligence. Accessed on January 10, 2024. https://www.businessofgovernment.org/sites/default/files/Pathways%20to%20Trusted %20Progress%20with%20AI.pdf De Vries, H., Bekkers, V., & Tummers, L. (2016). Innovation in the public sector: Asystematic review and future research agenda. Public Administration, 94(1), 146-166. European Union (2023). Artificial Intelligence Act. EU Legislation in Progress briefings. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/698792/EPRS_BRI(2021)698792_EN.pdf Giest, S. N., & Klievink, B. (2022). More than a digital system: how AI is changing the role of bureaucrats in different organizational contexts. Public Management Review, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2022.2095001 Maragno, G., Tangi, L., Gastaldi, L., & Benedetti, M. (2022). AI as an organizational agent to nurture: effectively introducing chatbots in public entities. Public Management Review, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2022.2063935 Margetts, H., & Dorobantu, C. (2019). Rethink government with AI. Nature, 568(7751), 163-165. Mehr, H., Ash, H., & Fellow, D. (2017). Artificial intelligence for citizen services and government. Ash Cent. Democr. Gov. Innov. Harvard Kennedy Sch., no. August, 1-12. McDonald III, B. D., Hall, J. L., O’Flynn, J., & van Thiel, S. (2022). The future of public administration research: An editor's perspective. Public Administration, 100(1), 59-71. O’neil, C. (2017). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Crown. Schiff, D. S., Schiff, K. J., & Pierson, P. (2022). Assessing public value failure in government adoption of artificial intelligence. Public Administration, 100(3), 653-673. Dimand, A.M., Schwoerer, K., Patrucco, A., & Mutrazashvili (2023). Design Principles for Responsible Use of AI Through Procurement. Keegan, M.K., & Chenok, D (Eds.). Transforming the business of government: Insights on Resiliency, Innovation, and Performance. Chapter 8, pp. 112-120. IBM The Center for the Business of Government. van Noordt, C., & Tangi, L. (2023). The dynamics of AI capability and its influence on public value creation of AI within public administration. Government Information Quarterly, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101860 Vogl, T. M., Seidelin, C., Ganesh, B., & Bright, J. (2020). Smart Technology and the Emergence of Algorithmic Bureaucracy: Artificial Intelligence in UK Local Authorities. Public Administration Review, 80(6), 946–961. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13286 Wang, C., Teo, T. S., & Janssen, M. (2021). Public and private value creation using artificial intelligence: An empirical study of AI voice robot users in Chinese public sector. International Journal of Information Management, 61, 102401. Wirtz, B. W., & Müller, W. M. (2019). An integrated artificial intelligence framework for public management. Public Management Review, 21(7), 1076-1100. Guest Editors Bios: Kayla Schwoerer is an Assistant Professor of Public Administration and Policy at University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY). She earned her PhD in Public Administration at Rutgers University-Newark’s School of Public Affairs and Administration (SPAA) and her Master of Public Administration at Arizona State University. Her research focuses broadly on public and nonprofit management, with a particular focus on issues related to technology and citizen-state interactions from a socio-technical and behavioral science perspective. Before joining the University at Albany in the Fall of 2023, she was an Assistant Professor of Public Administration at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, where she remains as a Visiting Fellow in the Department of Public Administration and Political Science and a member of the AI and Digital Governance Lab. She is also a founding research affiliate of AI Plus which is an interdisciplinary institute dedicated to the study of AI housed at the University at Albany. Ana-Maria Dimand is an Assistant Professor of Public Policy and Administration, in the School of Public Service, at Boise State University. She earned her Ph.D. and a Graduate Certificate in Public Finance, Procurement, and Contract Management from Florida International University, in Miami. She also holds a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) from the Romanian-American University in Bucharest, Romania. Ana has significant experience in government contracting. Before pursuing graduate studies, she worked as a legal advisor for a central government organization in Bucharest, specializing in public procurement. Ana actively collaborates with nonprofits that support government functions, including the National Association of State Procurement Officers, the National Institute of Government Purchasing, and the National Association for Chief Information Officers. Her research, mainly published in prominent peer-reviewed journals like Public Administration Review, Public Administration, Local Government Studies, Public Performance & Management Review, Review of Public Personnel Administration, focuses on public management. It specifically addresses government contracting, collaborative governance, innovation, and sustainability. Andrea S. Patrucco is an Assistant Professor of Supply Chain Management in the Department of Marketing and Logistics at the Florida International University College of Business. His research interests are in the field of management of buyer-supplier relationships in both private and public sector. He is one of the research leaders of the International Research Study of Public Procurement, and he actively collaborates with organizations in the United States that work with government organizations, such as the National Association of State Procurement Officers, NIGP: the Institute of Public Procurement, and National Association of Chief Information Officers. His research appears in several supply chain and public management journals such as Journal of Supply Chain Management, International Journal of Production Economics, Public Administration Review, Supply Chain Management: an International Journal, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Public Money and Management, Local Government Studies and Public Performance and Management Review. He serves as an Associate Editor for the Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management and International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, and he sits on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Supply Chain Management, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, and International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications. As a Guest Editor, he managed/is managing special issues for Public Management Review, International Journal of Production Economics, Journal of Business Logistics, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management and Journal of Public Procurement. Luca Tangi is a researcher and scientific project officer at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission. Since 2021, he has been working on the AI Watch, Innovative Public Service and Public Sector tech Watch initiatives. He has extensive experience in conducting research on the development, uptake and impact of emerging technologies, in particular artificial intelligence, in the public sector. He holds a PhD from the Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Politecnico di Milano. His doctoral research focused on understanding the impact of ICT on the delivery of public services and on the transformation of the structure and organization of public administrations. As part of the JRC initiatives, he has published several Science for Policy reports on the use and implementation of Artificial Intelligence in the public sector. His research has also been published in a number of public management and information systems journals including Public Management Review, Local Government Studies, Government Information Quarterly, International Journal of Information Management, International Review of Administrative Sciences, Public Policy and Administration. Milena I. Neshkova is an Associate professor of Public Policy and Administration and Director of the Master of Arts in Global Affairs program at the Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs at Florida International University. Dr. Neshkova earned her Ph.D. from the School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA) at Indiana University in 2008. She also holds MPA from Indiana University and MA in Journalism from Sofia University. Her research interests include public management, the role of bureaucracy in democratic systems, managing public money, comparative public administration, and fighting corruption. She is a recipient of competitive grants from the National Science Foundation, the Kauffman Foundation, and the European Union Center of Excellence. Her work has appeared in top-tier peer-reviewed journals, including Public Administration Review, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Public Administration, Public Management Review, Governance, American Review of Public Administration, Policy Studies Journal, and Journal of European Public Policy. Kevin C. Desouza is a Professor of Business, Technology and Strategy in the School of Management at the QUT Business School at the Queensland University of Technology. He is a Nonresident Senior Fellow in the Governance Studies Program at the Brookings Institution and a Salzburg Global Forum Fellow. He formerly held tenured faculty posts at Arizona State University, Virginia Tech and the University of Washington and has held visiting appointments at the London School of Economics and Political Science, Università Bocconi, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, the University of the Witwatersrand, and the University of Ljubljana. Desouza has authored, co-authored, and/or edited nine books. He has published more than 150 articles in journals across a range of disciplines including information systems, information science, public administration, political science, technology management, and urban affairs. His work has been cited over 14,250 times. Several outlets have featured his work including Sloan Management Review, Stanford Social Innovation Research, Harvard Business Review, Forbes, Businessweek, Wired, Governing, Slate.com, Wall Street Journal, BBC, USA Today, NPR, PBS, and Computerworld. Desouza has advised, briefed, and/or consulted for major international corporations, non-governmental organizations, and public agencies on strategic management issues ranging from management of information systems to knowledge management, innovation programs, crisis management, and leadership development. He serves as senior editor for the Journal of Strategic Information Systems. Desouza has co-edited special issues for leading outlets such as Technology Forecasting and Social Change, European Journal of Information Systems, and Information Systems Journal, among others. Desouza has received over $2.25 USD million in research funding from both private and government organizations. For more information, please visit: http://www.kevindesouza.net.